NES – The Role of the Opposition Inside and Outside Ethiopia

Network of Ethiopian Scholars (NES) – Scandinavian Chapter

The Role of the Opposition Inside and Outside Ethiopia: Together Untie the Political Knots Hindering Ethiopia’s Democratic Future

In a democracy we know there are many types of people who wish to stand for
election, some of whom may be people we may not agree with or we may even
have fought against in the past, but once these people submit for election
through a free and fair voting procedure and system, it is not for us to
judge them as fit or unfit, or bring up what we believe to be their past
history to ridicule the democratic voice expression that legitimated them.
Regardless of our individual reading of their character, the fact is that
they have persuaded a portion of the public and got more votes than their
competitors in what has been observed to be a free and fair election or, at
any rate, an un-rigged election. This is the new fact that we have to live
with. The old facts cannot be used to measure the new identities assumed by
these people.

A key component of democracy is also the toleration of dissent. The only
condition is that the dissenters do not engage in violating the rights of
others and use force, deception or fraud to pursue their interests and
goals. As long as they express their dissenting voices with in the bounds
of democratic ethos, there is no reason to bar them from playing active
roles in public life. There is no reason to suppress dissent and create
terror by unleashing military force against dissenting citizens. If indeed
the regime believes its own rhetoric that it enjoys support, why is it
necessary to unleash force against the people it claims to have support?
Why was it not possible to use debate, dialogue and democratic freedom to
those whom it thinks have not acknowledged the regime’s self-validated
and justified role as having contributed ‘ positive good’ to Ethiopia?
The action to suppress peaceful dissent by the regime’s military force
shows either lack of confidence or lack of support from the Ethiopian
population or both. The regime cannot have the cake and eat it. It cannot
claim the overwhelming support it says it has, and at the same time unleash
military rule and threats to kill against those who may be willing to risk
using dissent to express dissatisfaction with the regime.

We find those who attack members of the opposition for all sorts of vices
and past connections with discredited regimes to be simply diversionary. It
is thirty-one years since the imperial regime passed away and nearly
fifteen years since the military regime disintegrated following the
footsteps of the larger disintegration of its chief allies the former
Soviet Union Republics. These regimes have self-discredited themselves and
will not return in any form or guise. There is a fundamental paradigm shift
away from monarchy or military autocracy to democracy in the country. The
Meles regime had the historical opportunity to facilitate the birth of
sustainable democracy in Ethiopia. Its actions however, do not demonstrate
commitment to democracy. It too seems to belong to the discredited regimes
of yester year. It upholds the habit of authoritarian reflex to dissent and
peaceful protest and engages in massive propaganda to intimidate the public
with military show of force and psychological blackmail by constant
reference and allusions to genocide and terror. It too is part of the
problem like all the regimes of the past. It has imposed repression at the
hour when Ethiopians manifested a democratic will to govern themselves, to
define their issues and claim the right to deal with the many problems that
have humiliated this old nation.
The challenge remains to create a peoples government voted, peacefully,
without compulsion and violence by the un-coerced voter and voting of the
people. Only this popular will can put a curtain to autocratic and
authoritarian history, to free Ethiopia from the prison of dictatorship, to
make the people the central architects of their history, their democracy
and their future. This is the task of the day that demands the
uninterrupted continuation of the people’s struggle, energy, dedication
and intellect to bring to birth and nurture democracy and peace for the
transformation of the country.

It is thus significant we know where our attention must concentrate and
learn to avoid secondary and diversionary issues. It is important to focus
on the current challenges and dangers to the democracy the Ethiopian people
are trying to give birth to, by defying the killing and intimidation thrown
at them by the regime. Removing the danger to democracy posed by the regime
is the task of tasks at the moment. This threat to democracy comes from the
ruling elite challenging all Ethiopians, and indeed all who cherish values
and visions of democratic governance, human rights, rule of law and peace
by standing firmly against the arbitrary power of dictators. The world
should support the collective imagination of the Ethiopian people to
expunge dictatorship root and branch from Ethiopian soil forever. Let the
people have the right to make their own mistakes through their democracy.
Let them learn to govern and deal with their problems. Let them be allowed
to try the democratic alternative to submission to hierarchical control.
Let the elite step back and learn to desist from ignoring their voices and
concerns, undermining them often as “ignorant” in order to ease its own
conscience when it engages cynically to amass personal riches at their
expense and continued humiliations.

It is tasteless and pure sophistry to try to exonerate the vices of the
current power holders and the danger to democracy that they pause by the
self-understood claims of vices imputable to the earlier defunct regimes.
It is also not wise to claim or assume that all people that may have served
past regimes still remain loyal to those regimes forever. Times change and
people also change and learn. They must be given opportunity to prove what
they can do for themselves and the country and should not be condemned for
eternity. A static view is not a useful approach to reality. We must apply
a dynamic perspective to these issues. In fact a considerable number of
people who used to serve the discredited regimes work with the current
regime. The current regime did not shy away from using them just because
they happened to have served the earlier regime that it fought. Equally
important, we cannot say that people who may have been associated with
earlier discredited regimes, but, who, nevertheless, have been willing to
find new public roles and are willing to submit to the will of the people
and become elected through democratic tests should be disqualified from
playing active public lives in present day politics.

As long as these newly elected public figures are Ethiopian citizens, and
they have freely competed and come to be selected through a process of
election that has not been rigged, (confirmed by independent observers and
not necessarily the NEB), they should be eligible to play active public
lives, hopefully, having learned the important virtue that one seeks power
to discharge the high responsibility and ethics of public service, not to
use power to steal, help oneself, ones own friends and family. The elected
cannot be denied the right to represent the people, but under no condition
should electoral confidence be turned into enriching ones pocket. Calling
the elected names can only betray ulterior motives by the name caller
unless there is evidence that the elected has been involved in misdeeds.

Incidentally it is alarming to read a report about the loot accumulated by
Meles, Bereket, Sebhat Nega, and even a fellow scholar Andreas Eshete, and
a number of other top officials over the last fourteen years. If this
report is true, there should be an explanation why looters will not give up
the throne that made such loot so easy and possible. According to the
report, these persons have become mega millionaires amassing riches and
stashing it in American, German and Malaysian banks. If true, these fellows
must have been steeped in the bottomless pit of corruption. The only way
they can show the allegations are untrue is if they show openly and with
verifiable transparency all their income under their name, their families
and any one closely associated with their finances. They must show the
world what they earn, how they earn what they earn. In fact in the future
all public servants must pass through strong ethics test regarding the way
they help themselves to public money or money that flows as grant and loans
from outside. If true this money exists in foreign banks, Ethiopians all
over the world must demand to return the money and use it to build schools,
health clinics, water, electricity and sanitation services. If these
persons wish to retain the alleged money in foreign banks like Mobutu and
Abacha before, criminal proceedings must be open to recover the money. This
allegation is the most serious we have read about so far, and we wonder
whether there is any link between the corruptions in the loot with the
corruption by rigging the votes in the election. One also puzzles on
whether those that are said to be helping themselves so freely to loot can
claim to be fighters for a clean or non-corrupt government. The onus is on
Meles and Co. to come clean of this serious allegation.

The notion of election to become a public master or to enable one to access
and raid lawfully public finances is antithetical to the practice of
democratic governance. If as it has been reported, the top brass of the
regime is swimming in the ocean of millions of dollars that it has helped
itself over nearly the last half a generation of its rule, there is no
doubt in our minds that the current killings, riggings and emergency
measures are tied to make sure that this vice is not to be exposed by any
replacing authority of the current incumbent. How the regime responds to
the growing call for the creation of a government of national concord-
whether it is willing to listen or remain intransigent-will determine
whether it is able to come clean of all these charges of corruption or true
to form, live with the accusations by arrogantly defying them.

The Role of Ethiopians from the Outside
It is important that those of us who are outside know the role we should
play in advancing the cause of justice and democracy in our country. It is
not our business to behave as if we are elected members of parties.
Elected, we are not. We act as concerned citizens to expose the injustices
and proffer ideas that will facilitate a democratic achievement for the
nation as a whole. We can support, we can demand, we can condemn, and we
can call, but we must not interfere within the work of the parties. For
example, the attempt to pry into the soul of the opposition and assume the
role of choosing whom amongst the opposition should assume public office x
or y, is not wise or useful. We should not indulge in such speculations and
curiosities and still less engage with such idle talk at the risk of
disrupting opposition unity and combined development to resist the
injustices against the country by the current regime. This action by those
from outside diverts attention and focus on the main target that has
exacerbated the current climate, namely the Meles and Bereket power group
that seek to perpetuate its divide and rule. The main contradiction
remains: that between the Meles & Bereket duo on the one hand, and the rest
of society on the other. The unity of the Ethiopian people and all those
who support their aspiration must be directed to oblige the Meles & Bereket
duo to accept a government of national concord and immediately stop from
taking all the violent actions that have disrupted the country’s
extraordinary, peaceful and lawful journey to democracy.

The appropriate role from the Ethiopians residing outside- the Ethiopian
Diaspora if you will- should be support to the people and the elected
representatives that came through the un-rigged free and fair election
process from inside the country. It is a fundamental principle that the
elected representatives alone should represent the people. Those from
outside cannot represent the people because they have not run for election,
nor have they been selected as elected representatives. It is critically
important that those of us from the outside show strong solidarity to the
people’s choices regardless of our own preferences, remain steadfast on
the side of justice, and draw clear boundary for ourselves from doing what
elected representatives will, can and should do. Even if an elected
representative offers his or her assignment to us, we should have the
decency to say, no; this is your job and responsibility, not mine or ours.
This sounds elementary or banal to say it, but it seems that some people
who should know better are not aware of this simple distinction, and, quite
unfortunately, by doing the work the elected should do, they seem to have
given opportunity for regime acolytes to wax eloquent with barrages of
diversionary attacks. It will be useful in the future that all opposition
groups are aware of how not inadvertently to encourage such diversionary
outbursts, that can potentially be divisive and may even waste useful
energy that can be deployed to concentrate the struggle and put the heat on
more and more on those regime elements that are unrepentant of their
indulgence in continuous killings, riggings and enforcing military
emergency rule by paying hardly any recognition to the votes and choices of
the Ethiopian people.

NES believes that those from outside- including first and foremost
ourselves- must not use the current popular manifestation for change to try
to sail through and entertain ambitions to do work that elected
representatives are supposed to do. Our role from the outside is to support
and suggest and pursue the paramount goal of always pointing at the bigger
picture, for all to see beyond their narrow and selfish concerns, to
translate power invested in them into duties and responsibilities of
service to the people who elected them in the first place. It is to this
standard that we must hold public office and public officials. Let the
representation be done by those who are elected and legitimated. That makes
it entirely those from inside the country. It will help hugely that those
Ethiopians like us living abroad currently know how to intervene in our
nation’s affairs, comprehend how constructive we are in doing so, and
above all how reflective and reflexive we become to contribute to the
overall democratic throughput that the nation should create. Short of these
attributes, it is easy to make mistakes.

We call upon all those living outside who have not had the opportunity to
be tested in the heat of election competition to refrain from assuming
roles that are inappropriate and that do not assist the struggle to move
forward and that give pretext to the regime and its acolytes to use
diversionary tactics. We should look to the contribution we can make in
re-gearing the country’s collective energy to create a democratic
transition, by suggesting ideas on how the people may be building
predictable institutions capable of effecting the transfer of power from
freely and fairly elected bodies to other similarly constituted bodies. We
know there is an immense range of talented people from outside, mostly
victims of exile from three regimes. This force scattered around the world
can be deployed productively through material, knowledge and
learning-driven support to make elected representatives to function in the
service of the people that elected them.

We in NES ourselves are not inside the country and we define our role
primarily as supporters of the people, the country and the nation. We
consider support of the people that have been elected, as part and parcel
of our support of the people who have exercised their right to vote: We
respect as a supreme good the verdict of the people. We must repeat
everything is in the hands of the people. That is final. Our support to the
parties is dependent on the fact that the people have elected their
members. For NES, the people and their choices are sovereign. We cannot
second -guess this sovereignty of the Ethiopian people. To do so is to be
against both the people and the unforced expression of democratic freedom.
We are also rebels against any form of injustice and should engage when
power-mad rulers that privilege their power and comfort to public service
and ethics abuse our people and country. We act like sensitive barometers
that react to injustice and act on the side of the people with principles,
values and visions to bring about profound changes for the betterment of
the people of Ethiopia, and indeed Africa.

NES humbly recognises that the contribution of those from the outside can
be a double- edged sword. It is positive when it is predicated on
supporting the struggle for democracy and justice waged by the people
inside the country. Very often, it has gone awry when those from outside
headed to play elite games and support local ruling elites that used
authoritarian violence to murder our youth. We must learn from that
difficult and unattractive history of losing one whole generation. On past
reckoning in our country, the record of the external input to the internal
political dynamics has not been as productive as is to be expected. That
self-critical stance is very useful not to compound the nation’s untold
problems.

Let us recapitulate history: When the military Government ascended to power
in the early 70s, there were a number of persons from USA, France and other
places that joined the military regime and offered their services. They did
their job and were themselves targets by the regime. Most of them were
fodder to murder by the hands of those whom they served to carry out other
types of murders against the Ethiopian youth of the time. That memory is
still fresh. When the current regime came to power with the active
connivance and support of the then Governments of Britain and the USA,
there were also Ethiopian collaborators especially from the USA and UK, and
also from a number of European countries that joined it by forming
instantaneously what are known popularly as “satellite parties or
groups” made to fit the purpose of loyally working with Meles & Co. to
convert ethnic and vernacular differences and diversities as rationing
cards for political power allocations.

There is no need for those from outside to repeat the above type of
mistakes at this critical time, when the issue is for the Ethiopian people
one of an attainment of a world historic turn away from autocracy to the
opportunities of ushering an irreversible democratic epoch in Ethiopia. The
stakes are so high, it will not do, not to learn to think, feel, act and
speak in a coherent way, the better in order to contribute and add to the
democratic renaissance of the ancient land. There is a lot we can do once
the democratic environment is conducive using our knowledge and accumulated
expertise, in health, education, investment, science, technology,
engineering and infrastructure and other endeavours. Of course, we must
remain vigilant and maintain a ready initiative to send warning signals
against any injustice or when we sense coming an impending crisis. We must
always be ready to take action and emerge always for the sake of the larger
good of the people, nation and country as a community of commitment, a
community of intelligence and a community of resistance against all forms
of injustice.

When the De-Elected Regime Insiders continue to harass the Elected
The high brass seems rattled by the enormity of resistance to its killings,
riggings and emergency military rule actions. Meles himself has begun to
defend the indefensible action. Others are using various pseudo names to
try to legitimise the illegitimate and arrogant actions of the regime. Some
pass resolutions without any ownership or signature. This opens the space
for fraud, lack of responsibility for the statements made, accusations
against the opposition made. This is a practice that spoils democratic
debate and accountability. People must be held accountable to what they
claim and write. They cannot use Oromo sounding pseudo names to attack some
of the opposition some of the time, and equally use Tigrayan sounding names
to attack others. Some have even used names such as Holly Wood actors. Such
is the sheer fear and lack of democratic culture that people resort to
attacking others by hiding under nom de guerre, when in actual fact, what
they are doing is open the environment for much abuse and irresponsibility.

We see on the side of the current regime coming nothing but a lot of
trouble for the people, the opposition and democracy particularly from the
chief promulgator of the military emergency decree Meles, and equally from
the chief propagandist and exaggerator, the de-elected propaganda minister
Bereket Simon. Sad to admit it, the regime continues to arrest, beat,
kidnap and intimidate, and even continues to engage in sporadic reported
killings unabated to this day. The emergency rule is still on, and the
riggings may not be cleared by the date announced the second time. Above
all regime propaganda is obdurate and regime acolytes continue to use
various tactics to confuse, mislead and threaten the public with force and
violence if they do not do what the regime wants through the monopoly of
media and information. The army and the police are ready to pounce at the
people if ordered to use force to massacre the people ironically at a time
when the nation was peacefully poised to change the course of history
through the ballot box and not the barrel of the gun. Far from the
political knots being untied, we seem to witness them to be tightening
further, creating uncertainties for us to be assured regarding Ethiopia’s
political future in both the short term and long term. For the political
knots to be untied, all concerned must learn to rise beyond selfishness and
the dogged pursuit of narrow interests so characteristic of the behaviour
of the regime today.

It is now clear, to date, the regime has done all it could to dim the torch
of freedom and democracy in the country. We ask this: must it continue to
do this violation in the 21st century when Ethiopia should be enjoying the
benefits of democratic self-governance? We have argued and said the main
reason for the violence is the regime’s action banning demonstrations.
De-elected propaganda minister Bereket admits this in an interview with
journalist Andrew Heavens by saying the regime has to “discharge its
responsibility of maintaining law and order”. He added the regime
“?has taken the measures that were intended to make a stop to the
violence? there was a ban on demonstrations and they (meaning opposition)
have defied that.” He thus justifies killing people and extinguishing the
democratic spirit of freedom and choice of the people of Ethiopia by
falsely accusing and charging the opposition as responsible for the
violence and the regressive turn. Paradoxically the popular defiance has
multiplied, and the repression far from stymieing it, is fuelling it. More
and more people both inside and outside have vowed to resist in spite of or
even because of the ban. Thus the simmering resentment is building up
rather than abating as Meles & Bereket expected would be the outcome of
their repression.

The regime seems congenitally incapable of rising beyond its fear and
seems to be gripped with a nightmare of Rwanda genocide and other
disastrous scenarios. In the same interview quoted above, Bereket claims
that if they have not taken action to kill the 36 students, the alternative
would have been unthinkable: In his words, “The alternative was strife
between the different nationalities of Ethiopia which might have made the
Rwandan genocide look like Childs play.” This is from a man who at the
same breath in the same interview brags about the fourteen “golden
“years of EPDRF rule with free market, federal administration,
decentralisation of power, clean government and such like. How he can
square his imaginary nightmare of Rwanda genocide taking place in a multi
cultural and cosmopolitan Addis Ababa (where there is no condition for
ethic conflict!), and where regime soldiers tried to ignite by the policy
of shoot to kill, with such rosy achievements is beyond any semblance of
rudimentary logic and thought. But characters like Bereket seem to have
stopped thinking.

One also wonders how they can imagine a Rwanda type of genocide in
Ethiopia? a people who have never followed the anti-people agitation by
any of the regimes in the country’s modern history including the current
regime.

When Meles and Bereket threw out Eritreans from the cities and bussed them
to Asmara, the people of Gojjam and Gondar on the road- (mind you, people
Meles and Bereket & co have been routinely denouncing as
“chauvinists” in their diatribes- passed water and food to their
Eritrean brethren. The people of Gojjam and Gondar responded with a
Christian spirit when Meles acted with criminal political calculation to
exacerbate the contradiction and convert it between the people on either
side of the Mereb River. At no time in the thirty years war has there been
hatred between the people. Meles and Bereket & co tried to introduce this
hatred and failed. The people have shown an infinite wisdom not to trust
politicians that incite them to attack fellow citizens. The scenario of
Rwanda genocide in Ethiopia is the delusion and dementia of a self-serving
regime hell bent to cling to power by using cynically the ethnic card in
Addis Ababa where people hardly pay attention to such issues by mingling
freely with fellow Ethiopians and other people from all over the world. To
this day there is no contradiction between the people in Ethiopia and
Eritrea. That is why it is very sensible to permit democracy and the wisdom
of the people to manifest and prevail in resolving this and many other
issues. Meles & Co. have compounded the problem, let the people try to
solve it with deliberative, dialogic and communicative democracy. We say
keep everything in the hands of the people and all will turn out well.

The key issue now is that Bereket and a number of the ministers of EPDRF
have been de-elected, they too should stop from playing such negative roles
in public life and should desist from doing all the havoc that they are
continuing to do, as if their rejection paradoxically is a license to do
more damage, and as if all the deplorable troubles they have caused until
now is not enough. They want to go on and on causing further harm by
exaggerating ethnic difference trying to woo one side to rise against
another and polarising the political environment with hate rather than what
it should be- saturate and fill it with democratic debate and public
participation. They are trying to incite the Tigryan population by claiming
that they are under attack when in actual fact it is Meles and Bereket and
their likes that are under siege coming from their own anti-democratic
behaviour.

NES is alarmed that witnesses have reported that the writer and
philosopher- activist Andargachew Tsige has been beaten and his whereabouts
are still unknown. Independent journalists have been arrested. A large
number of detainees have not been released. In the provinces in places such
as Gondar and Bahr Dar reports of kidnapping and killing of young people
have reached this part of the world. This cannot and must not be condoned
or continued. The perpetrators of this insidious crime must be brought to
book. Justice is still crying out to be redressed for the many people that
have been killed, threatened, arrested and intimidated.

NES demands:
– Immediate release of the writer and philosophy student Andargatchew
Tsige and other prisoners.
– Condemnation of the regime for continuing intimidations, arrests,
beatings, kidnappings and sporadic killings.
– Condemn the National Election Board for complicating the election
process and demand that it apologises to the Ethiopian people for acting
like a national rigging board.
– Call on the international community to put pressure to improve the
climate by improving the situation for democratic debate against instincts
and reactions to criminalise, intimidate, beat, threaten, kidnap and kill.
– Immediately normalise the democratic environment by lifting the state
of emergency and certainly not extending it further by using one fabricated
and exaggerated self-explicated factor or another.
– The parties enter into negotiations to create a genuine power-sharing
arrangement for the next five years.
– Condemn Meles and Bereket for keeping carping about genocide and ethnic
warfare and trying to make this a self-fulfilling prophecy.
– Calls on the international community never to tire from putting maximum
pressure on Meles & Co to negotiate a national settlement by taking the
broader national interest to turn quickly the situation of the country to
normality.

Concluding Remark
NES has joined the worldwide outcry against the measures taken by the
regime to engage in killings, riggings, declaring emergency military
rulings, and generally narrowing the democratic dispensation in the
country. Ours was perhaps a tiny fraction of the vast reaction that the
killings, arrests, beatings and other violent actions by the regime against
the citizens it should protect and (not kill) occasioned. It is the sheer
injustice of the situation, the anger we felt once more at the needless
killing ordered and justified by the arrogant power of Meles, Bereket and
their likes, and the shock we continue to feel at the repression against
the innocent and unarmed young civilians? that got us to act. As the
cliché runs the last straw that broke the camels’ back for us was the
killing of the 36 young people and the denigration of the university once
more by armed forces. We see our voice as one of the numerous voices that
rejected the display of arrogant power to pass repression as necessary and
right, and deny the moment of historical opportunity for Ethiopians to
attain their full humanity as free citizens through the universal exercise
of the franchise and civic expression. We believe that civic engagement is
a necessary condition to solve all the key problems of the Ethiopian nation
and people. All those who oppose civic engagement must be resisted and must
be told that they have no clue how to go about solving the country’s
complex problems.

We proceed from the conviction that it is high time Ethiopia must undergo a
peaceful democratic transition. It is important that the delay in
democratisation has been too long. Ethiopia must catch-up. We say the time
is ripe and democracy for Ethiopia brooks no more delays through the
various machinations of elite- driven self-centred tactics to postpone
Ethiopia’s democratic hour. Ethiopia’s democratic time has come. Strike
when the iron is hot. The steel glow of democracy is shining and warming
Ethiopia with new historical possibilities and opportunities.

We say: No other cure exists to undo all the accumulated political wrongs
that the nation has to bear over the last one hundred years except to use
democracy and peaceful debate to resolve them.

We say again: No other remedy also exists to prevent future disasters
without reference to and respect the democratic engagement of the people
with each other, their manifold issues, challenges, problems and
opportunities.

We repeat the call we made earlier: Let the opposition and EPDRF enter into
negotiations to form a Government of national concord based on the
principle that all the outstanding or major issues and problems of the
country should be solved through democratic deliberation by using peaceful
methods. No issue can be solved in an enduring fashion without engaging
civically and politically the Ethiopian people. Democratic methods must be
tried and we believe they will do wonders after displacing rule sanctioned
by autocracy legitimised by providence and divine election, military rule
legitimised by reference to upholding supposedly proletarian interests, and
the current farce of imposing authoritarian rule under democratic façade
of privileging ethnic rights over other rights. The people are the forces
of hope, and hope is for Ethiopia an ontological need to make new history
and undo all the forces of hate and despair. Ethiopia must prevail over the
forces of despair and pessimism. The struggle must continue to inscribe
democracy that endures and lives in all of us breathing fresh spirit,
energy and vitality to this old nation.

– Professor Mammo Muchie, Chair of NES-Scandinavian Chapter
– Berhanu G. Balcha, Vice- Chair of NES-Scandinavian Chapter
– Tekola Worku, Secretary of NES-Scandinavian Chapter

Contact address:
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– Denmark
– Tel. + 45 96 359 813 Or +45 96 358 331
– Fax + 45 98 153 298
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– Email: [email protected] Or [email protected] OR
[email protected]