Eritrea’s drought makes country deeply dependent on food aid
SHAMBUKO, Eritrea, Nov 9 (AFP) — There are rocks and cactuses, camels and the remains of armoured vehicles: but there is no greenery. This is the landscape of most of the Gash Barka region in western Eritrea, the small Horn of Africa country where no river runs all year round.
Severe drought for a third year running has made the population deeply dependent on humanitarian aid.
“In 2005, Eritrea will need some 200 million dollars of food aid to avoid starvation,” said Piet Vochten, Head of Programme for the UN World Food Programme (WFP) in Eritrea.
The WFP said that out of the country’s estimated 3.5 million inhabitants, 2.2 million will need food aid in 2005.
One statistic reveals how bad the situation in Eritrea is: in 2003, the country received “350,000 tonnes of food, and if you divide that number by the population, you get 100 kilogrammes (220 pounds) per inhabitant, representing the highest amount of food aid per inhabitant in the world,” Vochten said.
According to the WFP, 80 percent of the population in the Gash Barka region receive food aid.
Beketa Alamin, 11, is one of the beneficiaries, and wearing a pretty green dress, she ate her food-aid lunch in the playground of her school in the small town of Shambuko.
In this region children sometimes miss school and work instead to help their families, but Beketa said that “the food-aid I get here twice a day is an incentive for me to come to the lessons” and reassures her family.
“In Eritrea, fewer girls than boys go to school, so we have created take-home rations, just for girls, to encourage them even more to come to their lessons,” said Alem Birhane who works for the WFP in Shambuko.
This small town is situated in the 25 kilometre (15 mile) wide and 1,000 kilometre (625 miles) long Temporary Security Zone (TSZ). The zone was established along the frontier between Eritrea and Ethiopia after their 1998-2000 border war, and is currently administered by a UN peacekeeping force.
In September 2003, Ethiopia rejected the “final and binding” demarcation decision despite both parties having promised to respect it.
In the TSZ, quite apart from the drought, the tense political climate and uncleared landmines do not make agricultural production any easier.
Around Adi Keshi Camp, west of Shambuko, the landscape is even more that of a desert, with only rocky hills and barren ochre land.
Some 18,000 displaced Eritreans live in the camp and they depend totally on food aid because nothing at all grows there.
Between 1998 and 2000, Eritrea and Ethiopia fought a border war, but signed a peace accord in Algeria four years ago under which the “final and binding” demarcation of their border would be decided by an independent commission.
However, Addis Ababa rejected the commission’s ruling in September 2003 and since then, the peace process has been deadlocked.
The Eritrean authorities explain that the people in the camp are waiting for the border issue to be resolved before returning to their villages because the situation is still too unstable.
Amaha Tseggai, 20, lives in the camp with his parents and three brothers and sisters and spells out the monthly ration of food aid which everyone in it receives: 17 kilos of cereals, 1.2 kilos of pulses (peas, beans, etc.), 900 grammes of oil and 1.5 kilos of corn-soya blend.
Is it enough? “Somehow,” he answered shyly and dropped his gaze to the ground.