What next for Salva Kiir and South Sudan at Large?

By Eng Charles B. Kisanga

Jan 22, 2007 — 9th January 2007 was supposed to be big day marking the 2nd anniversary of the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) or Complex Peace Agreement as some prefers to refer to it due to the complexity of January 2005 peace agreement between the Sudan’s National Congress Party (NCP) and Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) to end more than two decades of a costly war which had killed over 2 million people, mostly South Sudanese. But on that day it was not to be the case because beside a guard of honour, launch of new currency, prayers and a few shows by performers to mark the day the speeches to mark the event soon turned soar as Sudan’s First Vice President and President of Government of Southern Sudan (GoSS) Lt General Salva Kiir Mayardit and Sudan President, Field Marshall Omar Hassan al-Bashirtraded accusations over failures to implement fully the CPA; which means the CPA was not working, according to Lt Gen Salva Kiir. Even Central Equatoria Governor Clement Wani complained also that the CPA baby, GoSS was making things difficulty for Central Equatoria and he hoped to see intervention by the National Unity Government.

A. CPA AFTERMATH AND KIIR’S SUCCESSION

It was two years ago in January 2005, that the last hurdles f the comprehensive Agreement (CPA) was surmounted and the Peace agreement were put to pen and paper in Navaisha Kenya. Nobody could dream on that day in 2005, those two years down the road the CPA implementation will be something being quarrelled about as something failing without any tangible direction. The CPA was mostly brainchild of late leader Dr. John Garang who almost achieved Mandela status due to his style of being an eloquent speaker who could move hearts with all the words he said about the viability of the CPA and the guarantees put into practice; “Indena danamati ya kuana”.

Hence unlike the celebrations in January 2007 in Juba, the signing in January 2005 had brought jubilations by South Sudanese all over the Sudan and in the Diaspora while Foreign dignitaries flocked to witness the official celebrations of the signing of the agreement in Nairobi where ceremonies took place in places such as Nyanyo Stadium, State house, the Intercontinental Hotel, and even at late Leader Dr. John Garang’s house where a thanks giving lunch took place.

I had participated in all the celebrations and then we took quickly to Rumbek where several cluster committees and the SPLM National Liberation Council (NLC) were supposed to sit and prepare bases for the New Government of Southern Sudan and the National Unity government as defined in the CPA. Also unfinished jobs such as Integration of other Armed Groups such as EDF were supposed to be completed in order to allow fully participation by all South Sudanese in the formation of the Government. With this I was one of those who struggled hard to have part of his group integrated into the SPLM/A and we were then sworn in as new members for the SPLM NLC in front of late leader Dr. John Garang and the Chief Justice.

But the gathering in Rumbek was short lived and in February 2005, the SPLM chairman late Dr. John Garang issued a decree dissolving all the bodies which had gathered in Rumbek including the SPLM Nation Liberation (NLC) and the cluster committees. As usual this was calculated manoeuvre by our SPLM leadership since the International community had guaranteed about $17 million to allow smooth transformation of SPLM/A into real organs of Government during the declared six month interim transitional period. The decision to kill this process and send people home could not be understood at all. Things would never the same again after that. This was a sign that the cronies who considered our SPLM as their property and who formed what some referred to as the kitchen cabinet were not prepared to open up SPLM for democratic change and transparency government.

Hence six months went by and nothing was really achieved besides sending a few officials on luxury trips to South Africa and later on to Khartoum. The empty six months of the Interim period would come back again to haunt GoSS and SPLM as we shall later see. Things were still complex on the 30th of July 2005, when leader Dr. John Garang De Mabior died in helicopter crash under mysterious circumstances still being debated today. Dr. John Garang, the Peace hero had only been in office for three weeks as Sudan’s First Vie President before the tragic or mysterious accident occurred and took his life prematurely away. Hence it was Salva Kiir who was more of marginalised person rather than being a member of the kitchen cabinet who was to succeed him. Of course Salva Kiir might have continued being marginalised had Dr. John Garang not died suddenly and he then became the successor. Well he was the one now to carry forward the dream of the great leader of achieving peace, equality and justice for all Sudanese via the CPA. His succession was more from his power base when he had challenged late Dr. John Garang leadership in November/December 2004.

B. ONE AND HALF YEARS OF LT GEN SALVA KIIR’S RULE

It was hence Commander Salva Kiir, now Lt Gen Salva Kiir to take us through the last one and half years of implementing the peace deal and transforming our SPLM rebel movement and other Southern political forces into a real effective transparent Government in the South. That is not an easy task given the circumstances under which late leader Dr. John Garang ran the movement and the circumstances of training of some SPLM/A cadres some of whom received training under Marxist Ethiopia and also in Cuba, one of the sole surviving Marxist countries today.

In order to articulate and recap on the state of affairs affecting smooth implementation of the complex agreement ever seen in Sudan, we have to digest and reflect also on the events during that day of celebrating the 2nd anniversary in Juba where both Omar Al-Bashirand Salva Kiir traded accusations as who was to blame for the failures and shortcoming in implementation of the CPA effectively. Of course when Salva Kiir succeeds late leader Dr. John Garang, it was widely debated whether he could really fit into the shoes of John Garang since John Garang was a cunning and charismatic leader who controlled both SPLM politics and the SPLA army. Lt Gen Salva Kiir on the other hand had been a military leader who rarely got involved in the political decisions throughout the twenty two year years of the movement even though he was one of the founding leaders of the SPLM/A , in fact the sole surviving one today from the original core of four. His CPA major contributions was the Machakos Protocol which some Unionists in SPLM did not even like that much and as such after Machakos Protocol Commander Salva Kiir was quietly withdrawn from the Peace negotiations. By the time the CPA had been signed and the interim period kicked in, I remember Commander Salva Kiir told me and others that even his signature on the original Machakos Protocol had been dropped and replaced by that of his intended successor. This of course was one reason for the tension between him and late leader Dr. John Garang which eventually led to well known clash with Late Dr. John Garang which was later resolved in Rumbek in December 2004. Well the challenge was good enough as it ultimately gave Commander Salva Kiir the power bases he needed to succeed as leader after the tragic death of Dr. John Garang. For now the question of whether Lt Gen Salva Kiir could fit well into the late Dr. Garang’s shoes can hence be answered with reference to this background, his record in the office (what has been achieved so far and what still needs to be done) and the events of the confrontation with President Omar Al-Bashirin Juba during the celebrations to mark the great day, the 2nd Anniversary of the CPA on 9th January 2007.

C. 2nd ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS AND ACCUSATIONS AND COUNTER-ACCUSATIONS

The celebrations which should have been a great event where Presidents usual tell big stories of their achievements in the past year however had became a battle ground for accusations/blames and counter-accusations/blames and the only success stories were to enumerate the failures of the CPA.
Most of the accusations from the First Vice President were directed at NCP and President Omar Al-Bashiras the ultimate leader of NCP and Commander in Chief of Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and most were centred on the accusations that the NCP was hindering the smooth implementation of the deal and also backing militias in the South. These catalogues of accusations had been widely read or heard before and I cannot dwell on it again here.

For his part President Omar Al-Bashir had hit back with so many explanations and hints that SPLM was an incompetent and in-effective partner because even from the very start during the interim six month period the SPLM failed to brig in any staff to allow smooth participation in organs of the National Unity Government as stipulated in the CPA. The committees which were supposed to form as bases for structure of the unity government could not kick off because SPLM failed to send anybody to Khartoum while time was passing. SPLM said they had no money to bring in their technocrats from different places: Australia, Europe, USA, Canada, Kenya, and South Sudan; and so he, President Al-Bashirgave $60 million to effect the transportation of these officials for the work. But yet no SPLM or Southern staffs were transported to Khartoum. “We gave them money and waited six months and nobody came”, Behsir reiterated on the infamous day. The public mention of $60 million given by President Omar Al-BashirGovernment to SPLM during the interim period brought surprise looks to the faces of South Sudanese, some of whom have never heard of this amount before.

D. COMMITTEE TO PROBE USAGE OF BASHIR‘S $60 MILLION AND FIGHTING CORRUPTION

The alleged $60 million given is now a subject of investigation though the investigation has also started off badly with GoSS appointing Dr. Samson Kwaje who is from SPLM and also part of GoSS and also part of SPLM Government then; which is wrong because in such circumstances the committee must be a neutral one. The GoSS should have nominated a Senior Judge or any of the most senior civil servants of good reputation to head the said committee of investigation. Secondly, you do not have to appoint a government cabinet Minister from a Political Party that has already been implicated in the allegations as there is a possible conflict of interest thereof. Thirdly, government ministers should be left free to do their jobs that are most needed by the people of Southern Sudan. Fourthly if GoSS already knew about the money and how it was used, even if misused, then the affair will not necessity a committee but a GoSS statement, because probing committees are usual formed if there is lack of data or some information is missing.
In reality based on true democracy as seen practiced in modern democratic countries Dr. Samson Kwaje is unfit to lead any committee to investigate what happened to the said funds. It seems the GoSS cabinet is very weak with no strong personalities who can overrule wrong decisions being adopted by the cabinet. This is not surprising since it is common knowledge that the GoSS cabinet is factionalized into three. Also the weakness can be seen from how the GoSS president on the 2 nd Anniversary CPA speech, he tried to tackle media reports of corruption by some GoSS cabinet ministers. He referred the matter to each individual minister to try to clear his/her name; meaning either he lacks the ability and power to deal with some of the ministers named or some of these ministers are too powerful for him because of their factional standing and backing and hence they can get away with anything.

To tackle corruption the GoSS President need to wield really powers where he can even have the power to fire corrupt ministers and not to be seen as being weak and unable to tackle the problem. South Sudanese are tied of hearing him make same promises about tackling the problem of corruption, and yet the big guys involved in corruption cannot be touched, because they are untouchable. The GoSS President’s Anti-Corruption Commission has yet to show its effectiveness and the present weak parliament has to be strengthened. In reality the SPLM led government in Juba had changed very little from its structure of the bush government: same people, same practise. South Sudan people are yawing for really change in order to tackle corruption and the mother of corruption tribalism. Another problem is that some people consider the SPLM their property and even some think it is a tribe and you cannot become part of this tribe until you meet the traditional criteria of that tribe. You cannot tackle corruption where some people are untouchable. Yet the president said, on the second CPA anniversary: “NO BODY IS ABOVE THE LAW. I repeat, NO BODY IS ABOVE THE LAW.” Did he really mean it when some people consider our SPLM their property and as such they can get away with anything they do?

E. SPLM /GOSS DID NOT PROVIDE ENOUGH TECHNICAL EXPERTS TO KHARTOUM

President Bashir also talked about the lack of effective participation by SPLM members in the formation of supposed technical committees which were supposed to have been formed such as boarder demarcation committees, Abyei boarder demarcation committee, Oil committee and many more. President Omar Al-Bashirclaimed on one occasion SPLM had even sent a minister as member of a technical committee. “A single minister”, he reiterated again. This is a genuine complain as ministers really should bring in Southern Sudanese experts to take part in those committees instead of nominating themselves as the only people who can work for South Sudan interest. Hence there us lack of South Sudan technical know people in the committees while hundreds of experts are still stranded in the Diaspora which another sign of the nature of continued exclusion, marginalisation and tribalism by the Southern Government and this problem need to be addressed seriously by his Excellency, the GoSS President Lt Gen Salva Kiir. It is also because of nepotism and tribalism because people just seek relatives who can fill up a vacant position rather than advertising the post to any competent South Sudanese. Of course President Omar Al-Bashirknows less about the tribal tendencies of these Southern officials/ministers which makes it difficult for them to send in qualified personal to fill some technical committee posts. Hence I don’t think the North should shoulder all the blame here.

F. SECURITY AND LRA ISSUE

Then coming to the first item in Lt Gen Salva Kiir speech: Security, which I deliberately left it until now, South Sudan must also take responsibility of some of the blames for the issues of security. I’m sure people read my previous article entitled: “Malakal Clashes Could Have been Avoidable,”: http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article19133 . We must make concerted efforts to unite and reconcile instead of asking Khartoum always to intervene and punish our brothers for us. Yes the First vice President’s speech concentrated more on disbandment of the militia and disarming them to be done by Khartoum but also there should be rooms for other considerations like suppose this militia refuse claiming they are independent and not part of the CPA as some claim? Then we need to talk to them directly and find room to accommodate them, handle their grievances and bring them into the fold.

As with regards to the LRA, we have seen how the LRA has taken seriously Omar Al-Bashirassertion of forcibly kicking them out that they have already departed Ri-Kwanga for Garamba forest in Congo. The threat of Bashir kicking LRA out from Southern Sudan is of course, just a mere rhetoric since President Omar Al-Bashirhas little control over the affairs in Southern Sudan unless we want to deny the existence of the SPLA forces who are supposed to maintain security everywhere. Also the LRA had been under the direction of GoSS for a long time now and even though they may receive supplies from SAF it is really the GoSS and SPLA which can force LRA to leave Southern Sudan. In reality the LRA had been entertained by our own GoSS on the grounds that they want to find a peaceful solution to the LRA problem in Uganda rather then using force to kick LRA out of Southern Sudan and chase them to Uganda. But this policy can backfire because there are no guarantees that LRA can really move for peace that easy. LRA is not a Southern Sudanese movement like SPLA or Anya-nya who had political agenda and ideology to fight for: the liberation of South Sudan. Until recently LRA was mostly fighting for unknown spiritual reasons such as to rule Uganda by the ten commandments of the Bible. Apart from that there is really little political initiative for them to go for peace because part of the demands why they took up could be met. This point can be proven by the swift withdrawal of the LRA from the Peace talks and putting very tough new conditions for talks such as Dr. Riek Machar out and a new venue. Many deadlines have passed for them to Assembly at designated Assembly points and instead of assembling LRA had taken advantage of their presence near to Owingbul to attack people all over Central and Eastern Equatoria. In Western Equatoria LRA had terrorised villages near Nabanga to the extent that thousands of local villagers had fled the immediate areas to avoid harassment, kidnapping and rape of their women and young girls. Many Western Equatorians are still uncounted for after being kidnapped by LRA rebels. Among those also missing is Ayoub Philip, a young man who once worked for Governor Samuel Abujohn. Mr Ayoub vehicle was found burned out last year along Nimule-Juba road he and his travel companions had never been found or heard of since then. Of course there is no any mention of all these missing people by GoSS.

On top of loss of lives at the hand of the RLA the GoSS has spent predictable millions of dollars (no financial report so far yet) sponsoring the Uganda Government /LRA peace talks and also via direct food and money aid to the LRA rebels. South Sudan is a young emerging country and cannot bear such loses indefinitely. When LRA walk away from the talks and promises never to come back to Juba and are seeking a neutral venue in another country like Kenya, one is even more surprised so see some of our leaders calling for the LRA to return to the negotiation table in Juba. In fact Uganda/LRA Peace Agreement should have been an achievement for the 2nd anniversary of the CPA but since that was not achieved by that date we should tell them our time is up and let them take their rebels and peace talks else where. Even Sudan peace deal was not negotiated in one go in one country. Over many years we held talks in Ethiopia, in Nigeria in Libya, in Egypt, in Kenya and in many other places, and so what is the hack that we must get the LRA and Ugandan to sign a peace deal only in Juba? Could Kenya allow South Sudan to murder its citizens while at the same time we were being entertained for peace talks there?

Other security problems such as Ambororo, Ethnic fighting, militia fighting continue to cause loss of lives two year after the CPA. These are all problems which the President of GoSS would have been more than happy in subscribing solutions to them on the 2nd Anniversary of the CPA. It is not difficult for GoSS to organise peace conferences among the tribal groups and to fight Ambororo. For the militia it is easy also to talk to them about inclusion and reconciliation and promising them a fair chance to participate in rebuilding their country. But the issue is that people are sometimes considered enemies without leaving room for reconciliation and peace building among South Sudanese. The main reasons behind these attitudes are tribalism and nepotism and corruption all of which need urgency attentions as specified elsewhere in this document.

G. DEMOCRATIC TRANSFORMATION AND RULE OF LAW

The President of GoSS scored on points talking about press freedom and some democratic transformation. Yes there is some press freedom by GoSS although the points about true democracy, justice and equality do not reflect the truth. It is general knowledge now that tribalism is gaining ground and this cannot help democracy to mature. Further dramatic actions such as arbitrary arrests and unconstitutional removal of some South Sudan officials cannot be termed democratic because the CPA already laid bases for democracy by encouraging, promoting and allowing consultations with people for appointments in the immediate period where there was no possibility for elections. Yes the first appointments were mostly via consultations with citizens of the states but then the First Vice President now has proffered to rule by decree which cannot allow a healthy ground for real democracy to mature. The GoSSs president became more authoritarian in appointing and firing of especially Governors like the appointment and firing of Governors for Western Equatoria. It is worth mentioning how in June 2006, the Western Equatoria people’s nominated Governor, Col. Patrick Zamoi was unlawful detained and put under house arrest together with his wife and later on the Governor was removed unconstitutional without reference to the wishes of the people of Western Equatoria even though the Governor was cleared of any wrong doing. Also some governors and ministers have taken the law into their own hands by arresting and torturing with impunity fellow colleagues in their governments. The following are quotes from CPA on arrests and torture of people:

Section 1, 6.2.4 (Power sharing) on torture: no one shall be subjected to torture or other, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishments.

Section 1.6.2.5 (Power sharing) Fair Trial. (Anyone who is arrested shall be informed , at the time of arrest, of the reasons of his/her arrest and shall be promptly informed of any charges against him/her.
Well it is common knowledge that some ministers in the states had been arbitrary arrested and beaten up with nobody caring about the law. Yes the First vice President made his contributions to solve such miscarriage of justice by asking Legal officials for action and provisions of by-laws. I quote: “I call upon all those concerned in the Ministry of Legal Affairs and Constitutional Development, the Auditor General Chambers and the Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly to double their efforts so that appropriate laws, institutions and measures are put in place.”
H. Reconciliation, Inclusiveness and Fighting Tribalism
Referring to the above First Vice President words to the Legal affairs, it can be said that that is easy said then done because in order to make those forces effective the system must be very inclusive without leniency to one particular group or tribe. But recent reports published over the internets on the composition of the ministry of Legal Affairs was not promising because more than half of the office bearers were said to be from one single ethnic group plus they also had better grades. We should look well at ethnic balance and try to eradicate nepotism and tribalism because these are also tools for corruption. Equal treatment of all South Sudanese as equal people in employment and powerful government positions should be top of agendas because these are the things that bring division to the people of Southern Sudan and it was one of the problems that led to the creation of so many armed militias in Southern Sudan during the liberation struggle.

Also more to the issue of armed militia, there was good news recently that the EDF2 was joining SPLA. These are the methodology to be used: reconciliation and peace building with South Sudanese brothers and sisters who still carry arms. Also it should not be about deceiving them to give up arms only; it should really be about genuine power sharing and full integration and equal opportunities for all South Sudanese. But we see usual see half treatments while one particular ethnic group from one area tending to enjoy everything. The joining of the EDF2 was too late for Lt Gen Salva Kiir to announce it as one of the security achievements of the CPA 2nd year. Any way there are many others still to come which can be negotiated and achieved. We cannot always remain indifferent without talking and uniting our South Sudanese people and waiting for Khartoum to disarm and take them to the North. Taking armed militia to the North is dangerous because they can easily be trained and sent back to fight if the CPA fails or is sabotaged. Let us recall late hero Dr. John Garang’s promise he said over and over again, that SPLM or new government in Southern Sudan will accommodate all South Sudanese from all political background and ethnicity. So it is better to find accommodation for all within South Sudan. I remember when I was in Rumbek in 2005 late Dr. John Garang always referred to his phrase: “There are many rooms in South Sudan house and none will be left out”, he used to say jokingly mimicking the Biblical promise of Jesus where Kingdom of God was said by Jesus to contain many rooms for all. Where are these rooms today any way?

Well, the word inclusive or inclusiveness or fighting tribalism was missing from GoSS president vocabulary when he was speaking on the 9th of January 2007. Yet the CPA is full of this word, inclusive. Although Vice President Salva Kiir did refer to the possibility of getting those in the Diaspora to participate in elections 2009 this did not amount to South Sudan Government becoming more inclusive. That was easy said then done because who in the end will be invited and transported and who will not be invited and transported? There is always the small number of cronies in the SPLM whose intention is always to marginalise and keep SPLM like the old days of Marxist Leninist ideology and these people will continue to discriminate and marginalize people from certain ethnic backgrounds or because of different political views. The problem also is the idea that SPLM belong to these few people or even belongs to their tribe and they will do everything possible to marginalise new members. Cabinet posts or other positions considered as powerful in any government (Defence, Interior, Finance, Foreign, Presidency, South Sudan Bank, Presidential Affairs, etc); all belongs to them. What South Sudan needs really is a healthy and balanced diversity of political views from all ethnic groups and political forces in South Sudan rather then favouring one group and thereby continuing with injustice. Although the composition of the aftermath of the CPA government in Sudan was supposed to base on the formula for inclusiveness even reaching out to other political parties/forces in the North, this arrangement seems to be disappearing fast as the parties which joined GoSS became silent as part of the GoSS. Hence ignoring inclusiveness is another setback to the achievements of the CPA itself.

I. WHAT DID GOSS ACHIEVED FOR THE PEOPLE OF SOUTHERN SUDAN IN THE LAST YEAR?

In his concluding remarks First Vice president Lt General Salva Kiir said because of lack of time he was not going to be able to enumerate any success stories and achievements of the Government of Southern Sudan and journalists could if they wished go after each individual minister to hear his success story. I would like to advise the GoSS President and First Vice President of the Sudan that this is not the way to put things for the public during a big celebration. After all he was not there for journalists but for the public at large. There could have been time still for five bullet points of course such as: 1. Ministry of Health renovated and built so many hospitals at a total cost of so much million of dollars; 2. So many Schools were built and renovated at a cost of so many millions; 3. So many kilometres of roads were built or tarmac at total cost of so many millions; etc. The public really want to know where their money is going and what improvement is happening in services delivery to them. After that it will then be up to the individual minister concerned to expand further on the President’s figures. But it seems then on the 2nd Anniversary of the CPA there were no good news of service delivery to the public to be heard from the First Vice-President. The common citizen is only concerned about what services they are getting today and what improvement in their lives are happening rather than being bothered about quarrels over technical committees between SPLM and NCP and how much Oil wealth sharing GoSS was getting. It is up to GoSS President to achieve those things and he can only come back if he was failing on those missions which seem to be the case here.

J. CONCLUDING REMARKS

In concluding remarks if the CPA is not to fray and continue to work then more needs be done in terms of encouraging unity and reconciliation in the South so as to strengthen the Southern position and give it a strong bargaining positions and giving its leader Lt General Salva Kiir more ability to stand his ground against NCP sabotaging the deal and also to prove himself as the one who really fits into the late leader’s shoes. Also there should be positive engagement with the North about implementing the CPA rather then negative comments always. Also it was the SPLM and South Sudanese who signed this agreement to participate under one united Sudan with the Northern Sudan for six years transitional period during which Unity will be given a chance and the North and Government of National Unity will try to make UNITY attractive to Southerners. However without reaching half way through the six years there is already so much distrust of the North which makes it even more difficulty for South Sudanese who work in the North to participate effectively in the Administration and Organs in the Central Government. You cannot work effectively in the North if all that you hear are negative comments about the North undermining the CPA and trying to outwit South Sudanese. We must acknowledge where both Kiir and Bashir had some successes in implementing the deal also even though we know they have a long way to catch up. Hence to make a more conducive atmosphere for the remaining four years, our SPLM officials will have to refrain from unilaterally attacking their partners and even making more room for South Sudanese to participate effectively in GoNU organs and committees which were supposed to come into force after the CPA. Too much distrust may lead to rekindle of hostilities before we are half way through the CPA. Remember what Dr. John Grange used to say: “It up to the north to make things work and if they don’t then it up to the South Sudanese to make the judgment during the referendum.”

The CPA is the legacy of late leader Dr. John Garang de Mabior and it is the means by which we can glorify his name and keep his memory alive and we need to see it through at all cost and this can only be achieved if political forces in Southern Sudan especially the SPLM are ready to reform and accept inevitably changes needed in order to forge a strong and effective Government in an under-developed post-war country like Southern Sudan and Sudan at large. The GoSS cabinet also would have to change and bring in new faces and diversity with strong personalities who can help steer things the correct way. Without these, it could spell the end of the CPA or if not then a change in leadership, a leader who can take the boat across the river before it sinks as the boat now is listing badly and if not handled properly there could be no third anniversary for another accusations trading.

* Eng. Kisanga is a former SPLM NLC member who currently lives and works in exile in UK as Consultant Communication Systems Engineer. He is also chairman of Western Equatoria Azande Community world wide Organisation. He can be reached on [email protected]